说到Docker，便要追溯到前些年，我用公司的模块直接从k8s+kubesphere就干起来了，然而，用了这么多年的k8s，却对Docker不甚了解，这便想着，得抽时间从最基础开始实践。
这一节就从Docker实践之Linux安装Docker开始，我的Linux是版本是CentOS 8.2,
1 2 3 4 [root@VM-12-3-centos ~]# cat /proc/version Linux version 4.18.0-305.3.1.el8.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 8.4.1 20200928 (Red Hat 8.4.1-1) (GCC)) #1 SMP Tue Jun 1 16:14:33 UTC 2021 [root@VM-12-3-centos ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core)
配置yum源地址 为什么要配置yum源地址呢，因为yum源地址在国外，不利于我们访问，所以，我们需要找一个国内的代理镜像地址来加速我们访问，如:
(阿里巴巴)http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/
(网易)http://mirrors.163.com/
(清华大学)https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ yum-utils,在Linux执行yum即可,yum install -y yum-utils1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 [root@VM-12-3-centos ~]# yum install -y yum-utils Last metadata expiration check: 2:17:09 ago on Fri 17 Dec 2021 10:36:25 AM CST. Dependencies resolved. ================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Package Architecture Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Installing: yum-utils noarch 4.0.21-3.el8 BaseOS 73 k Upgrading: dnf-plugins-core noarch 4.0.21-3.el8 BaseOS 70 k python3-dnf-plugins-core noarch 4.0.21-3.el8 BaseOS 234 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package Upgrade 2 Packages Total download size: 377 k Downloading Packages: (1/3): dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch.rpm 523 kB/s | 70 kB 00:00 (2/3): yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch.rpm 319 kB/s | 73 kB 00:00 (3/3): python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch.rpm 1.0 MB/s | 234 kB 00:00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.6 MB/s | 377 kB 00:00 Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Upgrading : python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 1/5 Upgrading : dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 2/5 Installing : yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 3/5 Cleanup : dnf-plugins-core-4.0.18-4.el8.noarch 4/5 Cleanup : python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.18-4.el8.noarch 5/5 Running scriptlet: python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.18-4.el8.noarch 5/5 Verifying : yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 1/5 Verifying : dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 2/5 Verifying : dnf-plugins-core-4.0.18-4.el8.noarch 3/5 Verifying : python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 4/5 Verifying : python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.18-4.el8.noarch 5/5 Upgraded: dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch Installed: yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch Complete!
这里我们配置阿里的yum源
1 2 3 [root@VM-12-3-centos ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo Adding repo from: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
安装Docker 目前Docker分ce(社区版)和ee(企业版),这里当然是安装Docker-ce(社区版)了,执行安装命令yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 [root@VM-12-3-centos ~]# yum install -y yum-utils Last metadata expiration check: 2:17:09 ago on Fri 17 Dec 2021 10:36:25 AM CST. Dependencies resolved. ================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Package Architecture Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Installing: yum-utils noarch 4.0.21-3.el8 BaseOS 73 k Upgrading: dnf-plugins-core noarch 4.0.21-3.el8 BaseOS 70 k python3-dnf-plugins-core noarch 4.0.21-3.el8 BaseOS 234 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package Upgrade 2 Packages Total download size: 377 k Downloading Packages: (1/3): dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch.rpm 523 kB/s | 70 kB 00:00 (2/3): yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch.rpm 319 kB/s | 73 kB 00:00 (3/3): python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch.rpm 1.0 MB/s | 234 kB 00:00 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.6 MB/s | 377 kB 00:00 Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Upgrading : python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 1/5 Upgrading : dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 2/5 Installing : yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 3/5 Cleanup : dnf-plugins-core-4.0.18-4.el8.noarch 4/5 Cleanup : python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.18-4.el8.noarch 5/5 Running scriptlet: python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.18-4.el8.noarch 5/5 Verifying : yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 1/5 Verifying : dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 2/5 Verifying : dnf-plugins-core-4.0.18-4.el8.noarch 3/5 Verifying : python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch 4/5 Verifying : python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.18-4.el8.noarch 5/5 Upgraded: dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch python3-dnf-plugins-core-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch Installed: yum-utils-4.0.21-3.el8.noarch Complete! [root@VM-12-3-centos ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo Adding repo from: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo [root@VM-12-3-centos ~]# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io Docker CE Stable - x86_64 278 kB/s | 19 kB 00:00 Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Fri 17 Dec 2021 01:32:08 PM CST. Dependencies resolved. ================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Package Architecture Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Installing: containerd.io x86_64 1.4.12-3.1.el8 docker-ce-stable 28 M docker-ce x86_64 3:20.10.12-3.el8 docker-ce-stable 22 M docker-ce-cli x86_64 1:20.10.12-3.el8 docker-ce-stable 30 M Installing dependencies: container-selinux noarch 2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9 AppStream 54 k docker-ce-rootless-extras x86_64 20.10.12-3.el8 docker-ce-stable 4.6 M docker-scan-plugin x86_64 0.12.0-3.el8 docker-ce-stable 3.7 M fuse-common x86_64 3.2.1-12.el8 BaseOS 21 k fuse-overlayfs x86_64 1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101 AppStream 73 k fuse3 x86_64 3.2.1-12.el8 BaseOS 50 k fuse3-libs x86_64 3.2.1-12.el8 BaseOS 94 k libcgroup x86_64 0.41-19.el8 BaseOS 70 k libslirp x86_64 4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101 AppStream 70 k slirp4netns x86_64 1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101 AppStream 51 k Enabling module streams: container-tools rhel8 Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Install 13 Packages Total download size: 90 M Installed size: 378 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/13): libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64.rpm 415 kB/s | 70 kB 00:00 (2/13): container-selinux-2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch.rpm 235 kB/s | 54 kB 00:00 (3/13): fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64.rpm 303 kB/s | 73 kB 00:00 (4/13): slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64.rpm 681 kB/s | 51 kB 00:00 (5/13): fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64.rpm 916 kB/s | 94 kB 00:00 (6/13): fuse-common-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64.rpm 174 kB/s | 21 kB 00:00 (7/13): fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64.rpm 275 kB/s | 50 kB 00:00 (8/13): libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64.rpm 916 kB/s | 70 kB 00:00 (9/13): docker-ce-20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 8.0 MB/s | 22 MB 00:02 (10/13): docker-ce-cli-20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 7.2 MB/s | 30 MB 00:04 (11/13): docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 3.1 MB/s | 4.6 MB 00:01 (12/13): docker-scan-plugin-0.12.0-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 10 MB/s | 3.7 MB 00:00 (13/13): containerd.io-1.4.12-3.1.el8.x86_64.rpm 5.1 MB/s | 28 MB 00:05 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 15 MB/s | 90 MB 00:05 warning: /var/cache/dnf/docker-ce-stable-ab4061364e2cf0db/packages/containerd.io-1.4.12-3.1.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 621e9f35: NOKEY Docker CE Stable - x86_64 59 kB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x621E9F35: Userid : "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>" Fingerprint: 060A 61C5 1B55 8A7F 742B 77AA C52F EB6B 621E 9F35 From : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg Is this ok [y/N]: y Key imported successfully Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : docker-scan-plugin-0.12.0-3.el8.x86_64 1/13 Running scriptlet: docker-scan-plugin-0.12.0-3.el8.x86_64 1/13 Installing : docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 2/13 Running scriptlet: docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 2/13 Running scriptlet: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch 3/13 Installing : container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch 3/13 Running scriptlet: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch 3/13 Installing : containerd.io-1.4.12-3.1.el8.x86_64 4/13 Running scriptlet: containerd.io-1.4.12-3.1.el8.x86_64 4/13 Running scriptlet: libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64 5/13 Installing : libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64 5/13 Running scriptlet: libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64 5/13 Installing : fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 6/13 Running scriptlet: fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 6/13 Installing : fuse-common-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 7/13 Installing : fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 8/13 Installing : fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 9/13 Running scriptlet: fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 9/13 Installing : libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 10/13 Installing : slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 11/13 Installing : docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 12/13 Running scriptlet: docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 12/13 Installing : docker-ce-3:20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 13/13 Running scriptlet: docker-ce-3:20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 13/13 Running scriptlet: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch 13/13 Running scriptlet: docker-ce-3:20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 13/13 Verifying : container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch 1/13 Verifying : fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 2/13 Verifying : libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 3/13 Verifying : slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 4/13 Verifying : fuse-common-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 5/13 Verifying : fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 6/13 Verifying : fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 7/13 Verifying : libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64 8/13 Verifying : containerd.io-1.4.12-3.1.el8.x86_64 9/13 Verifying : docker-ce-3:20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 10/13 Verifying : docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 11/13 Verifying : docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 12/13 Verifying : docker-scan-plugin-0.12.0-3.el8.x86_64 13/13 Installed: container-selinux-2:2.167.0-1.module_el8.5.0+911+f19012f9.noarch containerd.io-1.4.12-3.1.el8.x86_64 docker-ce-3:20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 docker-ce-cli-1:20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 docker-ce-rootless-extras-20.10.12-3.el8.x86_64 docker-scan-plugin-0.12.0-3.el8.x86_64 fuse-common-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 fuse-overlayfs-1.7.1-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 fuse3-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 fuse3-libs-3.2.1-12.el8.x86_64 libcgroup-0.41-19.el8.x86_64 libslirp-4.4.0-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 slirp4netns-1.1.8-1.module_el8.5.0+890+6b136101.x86_64 Complete!
至此，Docker便轻松安装完成，我们来看看docker的基本信息docker version
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 [root@VM-12-3-centos ~]# docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 20.10.12 API version: 1.41 Go version: go1.16.12 Git commit: e91ed57 Built: Mon Dec 13 11:45:22 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Context: default Experimental: true Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
可以看到Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock.这样的提示，这是因为刚才安装了，还未启动，这里执行命令启动起来systemctl start docker,此时再来看看Docker信息
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 [root@VM-12-3-centos ~]# docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 20.10.12 API version: 1.41 Go version: go1.16.12 Git commit: e91ed57 Built: Mon Dec 13 11:45:22 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Context: default Experimental: true Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 20.10.12 API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.16.12 Git commit: 459d0df Built: Mon Dec 13 11:43:44 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.4.12 GitCommit: 7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d runc: Version: 1.0.2 GitCommit: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2 docker-init: Version: 0.19.0 GitCommit: de40ad0
这里我们还需要将Docker服务设置为开机启动，因为一旦重启系统，Docker服务就被停止了，执行systemctl enable docker 设置开机自动启动
1 2 [root@VM-12-3-centos ~]# systemctl enable docker Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
卸载Docker 如果我们不想要Docker，想把它卸载掉，怎么搞呢？这也很方便，执行删除命令
1 yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
然后再删除Docker的目录
1 2 rm -rf /var/lib/containerd rm -rf /var/lib/docker
设置Docker镜像地址 和yun源一样，Docker镜像仓库在国外，这里我们需要配置为国内的代理镜像地址，这里例举几个：
